Trips to the Andes, Himalayas or East Africa (e.g. Kilimanjaro) may include treks to high-altitude locations. Often, only a few days are set aside for such treks, which means unaccustomed physical exertion, a certain strain on the body and insufficient time for acclimatization. Trekking to high altitudes poses health risks even for people who are in good health. Individuals suffering from cardiac or respiratory diseases should consult their physician before going on such trips.
Acute mountain sickness (AMS):
Anyone can develop acute mountain sickness (AMS), even young and experienced trekkers. The risk of developing AMS begins at about 8,000 feet (2,500 meters) and increases with altitude. The ascent rate (i.e. difference in sleeping elevation from one night to the next) should not exceed 1,000 to 2,000 feet (300 to 600 meters) per day. Symptoms: Headache, nausea, loss of appetite and difficulty sleeping.
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) and High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE):
If the above-mentioned symptoms worsen (i.e. if the headache does not go away after taking medication and resting and/or the climber develops dizziness, confusion, vomiting, fatigue, unsteadiness or shortness of breath and dry cough at rest), the person should immediately be taken to a lower altitude (descend 3,000 feet (1000 meters) at least) and treatment may also need to be initiated (see below). Remaining at the same altitude may result in potentially fatal diseases such as high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and/or high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).
Prevention:
Slow ascent. Above 8,000 feet (2,500 meters), the difference in sleeping elevation should not exceed 1,000 to 2,000 feet (300 to 600 meters) per day.
If symptoms of AMS appear, rest for one day and if symptoms worsen, descend.
Prophylaxis (started prior to ascent)
Additional Information
CDC Health Information for International Travel 2020, Altitude Illness, p. 162-167.
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